Diagnostic Criteria for Cyclothymic Disorder

Diagnostic Criteria for Cyclothymic Disorder Bipolar Disorder Diagnosis Print Diagnostic Criteria for Cyclothymic Disorder By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on December 03, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 24, 2020 Marcel ter Bekke / Getty Images More in Bipolar Disorder Diagnosis Symptoms Treatment Cyclothymia, or cyclothymic disorder, is a condition that involves moods cycling between  hypomania  and  depression. Though milder than bipolar disorder, cyclothymia is sometimes a precursor for bipolar I or II disorder. How Cyclothymic Disorder Is Diagnosed Criterion A from the Diagnostic and Statistical Handbook of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) defines cyclomania as: “For at least two years (at least one year in children and adolescents) there have been numerous periods with hypomanic symptoms that do not meet criteria for a hypomanic episode and numerous periods with depressive symptoms that do not meet criteria for a major depressive episode. Additional criteria for cyclothymic disorder in the DSM-5 are: B. During the above two-year period (one year in children and adolescents), the hypomanic and depressive periods have been present for at least half the time and the individual has not been without the symptoms for more than two months at a time.C. Criteria for a major depressive, manic, or hypomanic episode have never been met. [If such episodes appear later, the diagnosis would be changed to bipolar I or bipolar II disorder, as appropriate.]D. The symptoms aren’t better explained by another mental disorder.E. The symptoms aren’t caused by a substance (i.e., medication or drug of abuse) or another medical condition.F. The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. The specifier “with anxious distress” may be added to a diagnosis of cyclothymic disorder where anxiety is a significant factor. Other Considerations Cyclothymic disorder usually first appears in adolescents and young adults, and there’s a 15-50% risk that such an individual will develop full-fledged bipolar I or II disorder later.?? A genetic component has been found that increases the risk of developing cyclothymia, especially in first-degree relatives of individuals having mood disorders. The DSM-5 Updated How Bipolar Disorder Is Diagnosed

Americ Land Of The Free, And Home - 1411 Words

America: land of the free, and home of the brave. People have often traveled long and far to live in a safe, and esteemed environment, when in reality the core values of America change as time goes by. Even though Americans often value individualism, patriotism, nationalism, and individual liberty, history has proven otherwise. Wars, social norms, rights restrictions, expectations and peer pressure have gotten in the way of the values that many believed highlighted America. The saying, ‘history repeats itself’ has haunted the future of America greatly. As the years go by, individual freedom is minimized, and citizens are slowly conned into the conformist society that many live in today. The definition of success in itself has changed for the worse; changing from knowledge and efficiency to materialism and wealth. Even though many have become prominent victims of conformity and have been deprived of their individual rights in the past, the American value of patriotism, i ndividual liberty and individualism should stand strong in the hearts of Americans now and in the near future. Americans in the past have developed a strong attachment to promoting their love for their country. In this decade, national pride has increased dramatically. From billboards to bumper stickers outlining America s greatness, to national anthems being sung at each and every game. Citizens value their love and devotion to the extent of it being perceived as wrong. Patriotism, as defined in theShow MoreRelatedAmeric Land Of The Free And Home1076 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica: Land of the Free and Home of the Dumb ? Michael Moore, author of the essay Idiot Nation, is as anti-Republican as they come and not at all afraid to express his beliefs with overflowing passion. Over the past 20 years, both Moore’s popularity and notoriety have boomed to new heights as a film maker, writer, and social critic. From winning Oscars and Academy Awards for his films and documentaries to co-writing 8 renowned books, Moore has not stopped producing ways of expressing his thoughtsRead MoreHistorical Anyalysis Essay2125 Words   |  9 Pagesparty. These laws angered the colonists and advocated revolution. The Civil war also had multiple causalities starting with the recently acquired territory from the war with Mexico. The issue of slavery arose and the concern for an unequal amount of free and slave states led to the Kansas Nebraska act, fugitive slave act and Bleeding Kansas. Ellis points out that the improbable nature of the American Revolution has become perceived as inevitable today. The revolution could not have occurred ifRead More African Minkisi and American Culture Essay6248 Words   |  25 Pagesto relieve their suffering. Minkisi are both a dramatic example of Kongo resilience and a visually spectacular response to such needs† (Williams, 12). Robert Farris Thompson said that, â€Å"Aspects of Kongo culture retained by blacks enslaved in the Americs inspired men and women to come together as brothers and sisters in Kongo-American societies virtually devoted to the idea of being Kongo† (Thompson, 106). Were minkisi really a form of resilience, or was it just a part of their religion, just like

Explain Employees Roles And Responsibilities - 1052 Words

†¢ Explain employees’ roles and responsibilities in relation to the prevention and control of infection? The responsibilities of employees are to take safety measures to prevent and control the spread of infection in the workplace; this includes working safely to protect myself, other staff, visitors and individuals from infections. Employees would attend essential training that our employers offer so that we can work safely for everyone in the best way possible. Employees have a duty to have safe ways of working and put into practice such as effective hand washing, not coming to work ill for the reason that you can put other individuals at risk, not to wear jewellery when cooking or supporting service users in other activities because†¦show more content†¦My current place of work provides policies and procedures about the use of protective equipment and how/when you must use them as PPE is essential when working within hazardous activities such as disposing of hazardous waste, preparing/handling meals, cleaning etc. There are regularities and procedures that aid the preventing and controlling of spreading infection. Getting regular information at work and attending training educates everyone’s understanding about infection prevention and control. Health and Social care act 2008. This is a code of practice relating to the prevention and control of infections. Public health departments make certain that safety of local communities such as the facility of sewerage systems, clean water and safe waste disposal are all taken care of. Environmental health also consists of making sure that food outlets meet the mandatory food safety standards and are inspected regularly. 3.1 Describe procedures and systems relevant to the prevention and control of infection? †¢ Following the correct handwashing procedure, wearing the correct PPE, the correct disposal of waste and using the correct cleaning equipment when cleaning spillages, equipment and surfaces. †¢ Following infection control policies and procedures. These will reduce the threat of cross infection and reduce staff absences through sickness. †¢ RecordingShow MoreRelatedEssay about Nvq Level 31581 Words   |  7 Pagescontrol; to explain employer and employee responsibilities in this area; to understand how procedures and risk assessment can help minimise the risk of an outbreak of infection. Learners will also gain an understanding of how to use PPE correctly and gain an understanding of the importance of good personal hygiene. Credit Level 3 2 Assessment criteria The learner can: 1.1 Explain employees’ roles and responsibilities in relation to the prevention and control of infection 1.2 Explain employers’ responsibilitiesRead MoreBelief and Support of Human Capital: Case Study Analysis of Whole Foods1242 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Whole Foods What role, if any, does McGregor’s Theory Y play at Whole Foods? Explain? The primary focus of this case study analysis shall be to examine the methods of Whole Food’s distinctive approach and development to the implementation of creative management strategies and how they can continue to successfully help them to maintain growth in their company. The underscoring premise of McGregor’s Theory Y primarily rest on the assumption that that the role of management is develop theRead MoreLevel 3 Healthand Social Care Essay1119 Words   |  5 Pages 1.1 Explain the employees roles and responsibilities’ in relation to the prevention and control of infection The employee’s role and responsibilities include: To ensure that their own health and hygiene not pose a risk to service users and colleagues To ensure effective hand washing is carried out when working with service users, giving personal care, handling/preparing food. To ensure they use protective clothing provided when needed and appropriate. 1.2 Explain employersRead MoreEssay on Discipline of Management 1274 Words   |  6 Pagesof management†, informs us that employees are assets, which should be treated as a company’s most valuable resource. The key players involved in utilizing this valuable resource are the managers of a company. Managers have a vital role in a company and the effort they put forth into their tasks and responsibilities will directly affect the success of a company. In Drucker’s book Management: Tasks, Responsibilities, Practices (Revised Edition), he explains the role of a company’s management teamRead MoreEmail to Coworker: Management vs. Leadership1405 Words   |  6 Pagesindividuals that confuse the roles and responsibilities of managers and that of a leader. While managers and leaders both have many common characteristic, the roles and responsibilities within a company are defined differently. The purpose of this paper is to go into detail about these dif ferent responsibilities within a company. A leader can be both formal and informal, for the sake of this paper it will be more geared towards explaining a more formal leadership role. Additionally a personal experienceRead MoreEssay on Customer Service1144 Words   |  5 Pagesprovide your tutor with a brief outline.) AFRICAN HUMAN RESOURCE OF FRENCH SPEAKING ASSOCIATION ( AREFA) This is a local community group that aim to Section 1 – Understand the factors that affect an organisation and the customer service role 1. Complete the table below with a description of the products and services for at least two commercial organisations, public organisations and third sector organisations. Please ensure you provide a description for each organisation, ratherRead MoreCustomer Service Level 21009 Words   |  5 Pagesthe customer service role 1. Complete the table below with a description of the products and services for at least two commercial organisations, public organisations and third sector organisations. Please ensure you provide a description for each organisation, rather than a list. ï ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼ 2. Complete the table below by describing the differences in customer service between commercial, public and third sector organisations. You should outline customer service roles in each organisationRead MoreThe Code For The University Of Connecticut Is Manual Starts Out With The Table Of Contents1658 Words   |  7 Pagesfor best practices in certain work situations. It offers clear instructions to employees as to how they are expected to act. They outline the importance of including policies that address legal and ethical safety. In the purpose section they also outline who will manage the IT resources to protect from threats. In the Connecticut manual the next section that is listed is the contact information. This section explains the head people responsible for security issues. The Chief Information SecurityRead MoreWhat Role Should Management Have Within A Business Essay1744 Words   |  7 PagesWhat role should management have within a business regarding social responsibility? Explain. According to Friedman, a manager’s only responsibility is to the shareholders, and not society as a whole (Jennings, 111). We all agree that a manager s primary responsibility is to the company and the shareholders. We feel that the manager’s role is to act as an agent to conduct business in congruence with the goals set by the shareholders and laws of society, effectively making profit for the company.Read MorePreparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector Assignment 11143 Words   |  5 PagesUnderstand own role and responsibilities in lifelong learning May 2013 1.1 – Summarise key aspects of legislation regulatory requirements and codes of practice relating to own role and responsibilities It is the policy of where i work to treat all job applicants and employees fairly and equally, regardless of their sex, trans-gender status, sexual orientation, religion or belief, marital status, civil partnership status, age or perceived age, race, colour, nationality, national origins, ethnic

Common Misconceptions of Sports Suppluments Free Essays

Common Misconceptions In today’s society, many people have started to develop misconceptions about sports supplements. Because people started this mentality, they have tried to make their own misconceptions about them and telling other people to avoid them. Sports Supplements, also known as ergogenic aids, are products to enhance athletic performance. We will write a custom essay sample on Common Misconceptions of Sports Suppluments or any similar topic only for you Order Now These products contain minerals, herbs, vitamins, amino acids, and botanicals. (TeensHealth 1) One of the common misconceptions of sports supplements is that they don’t help the human body gain muscle, but instead fat. The 1) In reality, some people have and see results of the supplements within a week, like enhances the person’s workouts by going for longer reps, reduces the time of recovery, and gains muscle mass. (The 1) Another known common misconception of sports supplements is that will sports supplements cause me to get muscle cramps and or get injured. Most of the sports supplements well cause you to cramp up during athletic events, but the leading sports supplement that well cause you to cramp up easily is creatine. Bodybuilding. com 1) If any athlete who uses creatine gets a cramp, they well get told it’s the side effect of creatine usage, but in reality it’s the lack of dehydration, improper electrolyte balance, or variety of other factors that can result in cramping. (Bodybuilding 1) Even though some athletes think that sports supplements well make them cramp, they also think that the supplements well make their injury risk increase. However, not any sports supplements increase the ability of injuries. Bodybuilding 1) â€Å"Quite to the contrary actually; a study conducted using 72 NCAA division 1 football players as subjects found that the athletes supplementing with creatine experienced less muscle cramps, muscle tightness, muscle strains, dehydration and total injuries. † (Bodybuilding 1) Will sports supplements make me a better athlete? That’s another common misconception of sports supplements. Many companies say that their supplement well make you a better athlete or stronger, but in reality it won’t give you the ability to make you a better athlete or the strengthness to lift more weights for more reps. TeensHealth 1) Ads for sports supplements often use persuasive before and after pictures that make it look easy to get a muscular, toned body. But the goal of supplement advertisers is to make money by selling more supplements, and many claims may be misleading. (TeensHealth 1) Instead, sports supplements helps the person who is taking it, it doesn’t give any potential ability to the person whom is taking it. They’re many different types of factors that go into a person’s athletic body like diet, how much sleep they get, genetics and heredity, and their training program. (TeensHealth 1) Another common misconception of sports supplements is that they are illegal, like consuming drugs, in reality they’re not; they are just banned in some organizations such as the Olympics and others more. (The 1) Other than steroids being illegal in the US, There’s a possibility of another type of sports supplement of getting banned or in others words, illegal. DMMA, also known as dimethylamylamine, a stimulant that Department of Health has categorized to be in the same category such as heroin, cocaine and crystal methamphetamine has been banned in many countries like Canada, New Zealand and several European countries due to two possible deaths in the US and is thought to cause high blood pressure, cardiovascular problems including shortness of breath and possible heart failures like heart attacks. (Sports 1) Sports supplements have lots of side effects that’s one other common misconception. But really, there only a couple of supplements that have a couple of side effects like ephedra, caffeine, carnitine, and creatine do to the human body. (Sport 2) Ephedra, named after containing ephedra alkaloids, a dietitary supplement. The use of ephedra is for weight loss and with the goal of enhancing their performance, increasing energy. Due to the extremely side effects of this supplement, FDA have banned it for a while now on the sale of high dose ephedrine, but the doses of 10 mg or less are legal. The side effects of this supplement are headaches, rapid heart rates, increased blood pressure, insomnia, strokes, heart attacks, and death. (Sport 2) Commonly found in sodas, coffee,and energy drinks, caffeine, which provides energy and burns fat. When taken caffeine, it attacks the in the centeral nervous system, increases the awareness, and the perception of less effort used. The side effects of caffeine are increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, and insomnia. In addition, a person who’s constantly consuming caffeine in their diet can lead into headaches. (Sport 2) Needed in the body for the transportation of fatty acids to mitochondria to be used for energy, carnitine. Thought that it decreases muscle pain, increases endurance, promotes weight loss, and improves cardiac function. (Sport 1) Bieng one of the most popular sport supplements, creatine, is used as a form of phosphocreatine by the body to gain muscle energy. Once used, creatine increase strength, endurance, and muscle gain. While creatine may help out on athletics, it can also help you gain weight, causing a huge impact for athletes. (Sport 2) Lastly, â€Å"If I take sports supplements, I well just gain weight and get fat†. Most of the people that say that are wrong in some way and right at the same time. Even though most of the sports supplements have enough proteins to complete a serving of meal a day, people need to know how to balance their meals while using sport supplements. Especially when using whey protein and creatine, the user can easily gain a couple pounds if not more than expected within a few weeks if not managed his or her diet carefully. Because many of professional athletes use sports supplements on a regular basis, they have managed to control their own diet, but some can eat more than a normal person is expected to due to the intense hardcore workouts that they do. But some just hire dietetics, (The 1) a person practical application of diet in relation to health and disease. (Dietetics 1) In today’s society, many people do not understand sports supplements and the benefits they can bring to the athlete who is serious about increasing their level of performance for his or her sport. Most supplements have little or no side effects, and can seriously help and improve the athletes ability at his or her own sport. How to cite Common Misconceptions of Sports Suppluments, Papers

Quiz and Final Exam Study Guide free essay sample

The quizzes and final exam are open book, open notes. The maximum time you can spend on a quiz is 45 minutes. On the final you will have 3 hours and 30 minutes. If you have not clicked the â€Å"Submit For Grade† button by the end of the allotted time, you will be automatically exited from the exam. In the final exam environment, the Windows clipboard is disabled, so you will not be able to copy exam questions or answers to or from other applications. 2. You should click the â€Å"Save Answers† button in the exam frequently. This helps prevent connection timeouts that might occur with certain Internet Service Providers, and also minimizes lost answers in the event of connection problems. If your Internet connection does break, when you reconnect, you will normally be able to get back into your final exam without any trouble. Remember, though, that the exam timer continues to run while students are disconnected, so students should try to re-login as quickly as possible. We will write a custom essay sample on Quiz and Final Exam Study Guide or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If you lose your Internet connection during a quiz or the final exam, logon again and try to access it. If you are unable to enter it again, first contact the Help Desk and then your instructor. * You will always be able to see the time remaining in the quiz or final exam at the top right of the page. 5. There are multiple pages on the final exam. * Make sure you click the Save Answers button before advancing to the next page (we also suggest clicking on â€Å"Save Answers† while you are working). Complete all of the pages before submitting your Final Exam for instructor review. * Do NOT use your browsers Back and Forward buttons during the final exam. * Please use the provided links for navigation. Submitting your quiz or final exam * When you are finished with a quiz or the final exam, click on the Submit for Grade button. * Please note: Once you click the Submit for Grade button, you will NOT be able to edit or change any of your answers. 7. Quiz and Exam Questions * On each quiz, there are 10 multiple-choice questions each worth 5 points and one essay question worth 10 points for a total of 30 points. On the final exam, there are 30 randomly selected multiple-choice questions each worth 5 points and 5 essay questions worth 30 points for a total of 300 points (150 multiple choice points, 150 essay points). * The final exam covers all course TCOs and Weeks 1-7. * The quizzes only cover the TCO’s for that week. * The final exam contains 3 pages, which can be completed in any order. You may go back and forth between the pages. * The quiz and final exam questions are pooled. This means that not everyone will have the same questions. Even if you do have some of the same que stions, they may not be in the same order. These questions are distributed amongst the TCOs. * On the essay questions, your answers should be succinct, fully address each part of the question, and demonstrate your knowledge and understanding in a concise but complete answer. Most essay questions require answers that are a couple of paragraphs (not a couple of sentences) that directly speak to each part of the question. Some students opt to work on the essay questions first, due to their higher point value and length of time needed to adequately address each question, but this is entirely your choice. * Remember to always use proper citation when quoting other sources. This means that ANY borrowed material (even a short phrase) should be placed in quotation marks with the source (URL, author/date/page #) immediately following the end of the passage (the end quote). Changing a few words in a passage does NOT constitute putting it in your own words and proper citation is still required. Borrowed material should NOT dominate a student’s work, but should only be used sparingly to support your own thoughts, ideas, and examples. Heavy usage of borrowed material (even if properly cited) can jeopardize the points for that question. Uncited material can jeopardize a passing grade on the exam. As a part of our commitment to academic integrity, your work may be submitted to turnitin. com, an online plagiarism checking service. So please be VERY mindful of proper citation. 8. Some of the key study areas are below. While these are key areas, remember that the exam is comprehensive for all of the assigned course content and this study guide may not be all inclusive. The same goes for the quizzes: there may be material on the quiz that was part of the material for that week, but is not specifically listed here in the study guide.

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buy custom Cloud Computing for Business essay Businesses in the 21st century are experiencing globalization and economic pressures, and this has prompted business owners to look for information technology solutions that are more efficient, scalable and available. Business leaders have directed their interests to the costs of technology used in delivering these solutions since they affect business activities and overall performance. Cloud computing has been pointed out as an upcoming information technology that can meet the requirement of lower ownership cost, dynamic provisions, increased efficiency and higher returns on investment (Miller Veiga, 2009). However, many IT professionals claim that cloud computing technology has many risks associated with privacy and confidentiality of using cloud. This paper will explore cloud computing characteristics, models used in offering services, benefits to businesses and risks associated with the technology. Definition of Cloud Computing Cloud computing is among the emerging information technologies, and its definition has not yet been agreed upon. According the Cloud Security Alliance and NIST cloud computing is a model that enables convenient, and on-demand access to computing resources such as applications, storage, servers and network services (Mell Grance, 2009). These resources are provided and released with minimal service provider interaction or management efforts. Cloud computing has been likened to a utility, businesses pay for this service in the same way they pay for water, gas and electricity use; the services are paid on a consumption basis. Characteristics of Cloud Computing Cloud computing comes with essential characteristics required by businesses that are operating in more competitive environments, and these characteristics include on-demand service, whereby, providers render automatic computing capabilities, which include network and server storage. This means that customers are able to access the needed service without human interaction. A cloud network has a broad network access; businesses that use this service can easily access the service using internet enabled devices such as laptops, smart phone, PDA and mobile devices (Mell Grance, 2009). The services provided by the cloud computing providers have different models that are used to serve multiple customers; the models have different physical as well as virtual resources that are dynamically assigned according to demand. Could computing is also characterized with location independence; in this case, the customer has no knowledge on location of the resources given by the provider and has no control over the resources as well. However, the customer can specify the level of abstraction in terms of data center, region or country. The resources delivered by the service provider include virtual machines, network bandwidth, memory, processing and storage. These resources are not only provided automatically, but also in unlimited quantities and at any time. The systems providing the resources are controlled automatically, and the resource use is optimized through leveraging of a metering capability, monitoring and controlling, ensuring of transparency for customers as well as the provider of the service (Mell Grance, 2009). Benefits of Cloud Computing Services Businesses in the 21st century enjoy benefits that never existed before cloud computing, most business owners are attracted to cloud computing because of a promise to increase financial savings. According to survey carried out in 2009 by IT executives and CIOs in Asia, 41% of the participants in the survey were considering using cloud solutions in their businesses or are already using cloud solutions, which shows that more businesses believe that cloud computing can solve their IT problems. This service gives many businesses an opportunity to streamline their business processes and increase innovation; business owners experience an increase in productivity as well as a transformation in business processes through ways that were considered expensive before cloud computing (IDC, 2009). Organizations in this era concentrate more on their core business, and not on scalability of infrastructure; the organization's business peak demands to perform well can be easily solved using cloud comp uting. All the improvements in operation and performance are realized because of the following benefits offered by cloud computing. a) Cost Containment Could computing gives business enterprises the opportunity of scalability with less financial commitments for purchasing infrastructure and maintenance, and any organization that needs cloud computing services does not incur any capital expenditure, and services are available on demand. Organizations are also allowed to save by eliminating costs that come with wasted resources, such as unused server space, and experiment with new technologies without a large investment (Qian et al., 2009). Cloud computing also has different models, and organizations have the freedom to compare the costs of using different models, and choose the model they think reduces their costs. According to the research carried out in 2010 by Khajeh-Hosseini and others, changing data centers from organization infrastructure to cloud infrastructure saves close to 37% of a companys cost over 5 years. b) Immediacy Most business enterprises that use cloud computing in the 21st century highlight that the service is provided and utilized within a day; the services are provided fast when compared to conventional information technology projects that took weeks or months before their actual utilization. Cloud computing reduces costs that are related to the delay in the provision of computing services. c) Availability Cloud computing service providers have a well established infrastructure and bandwidth that satisfies businesses high speed access, application and storage requirements. The service providers frequently have redundant paths; therefore, they do load balancing to ensure that service systems are not overloaded causing service delay (IDC, 2009). This means that businesses are assured that the service is not interrupted, especially at times when it is much needed; however, businesses are advised to take precautions in case of service interruptions. d) Scalability The service providers have unconstraint capacity, which means that they have high flexibility and scalability for the ever changing IT needs. Organizations benefit from this feature because they do not worry of purchasing and changing to new applications and requirements; the changes are done by the cloud computing service providers, and are implemented on demand Qian et al. (2009). This also saves organizations from time wasted on implementation of the new services. e) Efficiency Most organizations using cloud computing services relocate their information management operations to cloud and focus their efforts on research and development, and innovation. This allows a business to grow in its products and businss activities, and this might be more beneficial to an organization than financial advantages (Qian et al., 2009). Through product growth and development, an organization improves its public image and earns customer confidence, which leads to increase in sales and thus increasing profits. Organizations in the 21st century require a service that is reliable, a service that will ensure that business information remains untouched, and activities are not completely paralyzed in the event of a disaster. Cloud computing providers have come up with solutions for disaster scenarios and for load balancing traffic, and in situations of a natural disaster or heavy traffic the service providers have resiliency and capacity to sustain their services through an unexpected event. Potential Costs Savings Organizations that have embraced cloud computing have managed to overcome the challenge of finding right employees for the jobs offered, this has mostly been realized by SMEs, which compete for potential employees with bigger companies, and do not have enough resources for recruiting employees. Most recruitment processes take time and effort; organizations have to advertise for positions, do screening and conduct interviews, all these processes are expensive for small businesses. With cloud computing, the recruitment process is made easier and affordable, this started with the launch of Zartis, a start-up that provides a cloud-based recruitment process, where employees are recruited online (Miller Veiga, 2009). After recruiting, the program also stores information about employees in the cloud store; this means that the company that recruits using this process need only to retrieve information about the recruits and check on their answers to the interview question, and choose the qua lified candidates. Cloud computing also reduces costs related to the amount of carbon emission to the environment. The organization that uses service providers infrastructure reduces the fuel used by the organization; consequently, the organization reduces the amount of carbon emission to the environment (Miller Veiga, 2009). This means that the organization will pay less for carbon emissions. Less carbon emissions do not only reduces organization costs, but also conserves the environment, which boosts the image of the organization as an organization that cares about the environment. Organizations that use infrastructure installed by service providers save on the cost of buying and installation of the equipment, as well as its maintenance. Costs of having more employees for information management and an extra room for storing information are also reduced. Models of Cloud Computing Service Models a) Infrastructure as a Service Model This is a service that provides network transfer capabilities, storage, processing, and other fundamental computing resources. Customers that use this model do not have the full control of the underlying hardware infrastructure; they are only given the ability to deploy as well as run arbitrary software; this includes using operating systems and applications. Capabilities are delivered either as a part of a server integrated collection or a single server in a private data center. According to Lin et al. (2009), this model is suitable for administrators and infrastructure providers, and Amazon Web Services is an example of a model in this category. b) Platform as a Service This model develops an environment for installing new applications on the cloud. In this case, customers are offered platforms as solution stacks and tools that are supported by the provider. Customers using this model have no control over the infrastructure but have limited control over installed applications. According to Lin and others (2009), the target group for this model includes internet application developers, and examples are Force.com application development platforms and Google App Engine. c) Software as a Service In this model, the customer is allowed to use applications provided on the cloud infrastructure of the provider. The applications are accessed using a client interface, for instance, a web browser is used to access applications such as Microsoft Word, Excel among others. The cloud infrastructure is not managed or controlled by the customer. This service model is divided into applications and application services, and according to Lin and other (2009), this service model suites IT and application users. Examples of SaaS service model include customer relationship management software of Salesforce.com and Google Docs office suite Deployment Models a) Public Cloud This is a traditional cloud computing model; it is available either to a large industry group or to the general public, and owned by cloud computing service providers. In this model, resources are provided from a third party providers site, the third party provider shares the resources with a large industry or the general public (Qian et al., 2009). b) Private Cloud This is a model that is exclusively for an organization; it can be controlled by a third party or organization. This model might be situated on the premise or off the premise. c) Hybrid Cloud This model has a cloud infrastructure with more than one cloud with unique identities; however, the clouds are bound together by proprietary or standardized technology that ensures data and application portability (Qian et al., 2009). The providers in this model are multiple external and/or internal. d) Community Cloud Community cloud model has several organizations sharing a cloud infrastructure; it can be managed by the provider or organizations, and can be installed on the premise or off the premise. Concerns with Cloud Computing More business enterprises are continuing to embrace cloud computing, however, some are shying away from this new technology of computing. According to the research carried out by ISACA in 2010, most of the people shy away from cloud computing cite security concerns, and according to them there are more risks than benefits associated with cloud computing . In the 21st century, the business environment has become more dynamic, and more focus is on globalization, this means that many enterprises are outsourcing some of the business function. When an organization chooses to involve a third party in through cloud computing, it uses the service providers services as well as technology. The business has to cope with the providers way of running the organization, organizational culture and policies, as well as the architectures put in place; therefore, the business owners fiirst challenge is choosing a provider. Some of the factors considered are history, reputation and ability to provide sustainable services, however, ability to provide sustainable services is of more importance to ensure that services are available, and data is tracked (IDC, 2009). Therefore, many organizations do not value other factors when choosing a cloud computing service provider, and this might affect the future performance of an organization. Once the cloud provider is allowed to offer computing services, it takes the organizations responsibility of handling information, which is a critical part of the organization. If the chosen service provider does not offer services as per the agreed level, then the confidentiality of the business, and the availability of the service might be affected, and this might severely affect the business operations. Cloud computing is a service that is dynamic in nature, and sometimes it might create confusion, especially on the side of those using the service; the user might be confused on the information storage, and this might create delay in the retrieval of information (Kim et al., 2009). One of the services offered by cloud computing providers is storage of information, and this might include the organizations sensitive information. The third party access to such information might compromise the confidentiality of the organizations sensitive information; this might create a threat to the intellectual property protection, and secrets of the trade. If this information is made available to the competitors of an organization, it can be used against the organization. It is impossible to create private data networks for the organizations that choose to use public clouds unless they agree to pay for an extra cost; systems that are used in public clouds use systems that are highly available, and this might lead to commingling of the organizations information assets with other customers of the cloud provider, which include the organizations competitors (Kim et al., 2009). Cloud computing comes with its laws and regulations, and this is according to the geographic regions; these can become challenging because there is little legal precedent on cloud computing liability. The customers have to incur an extra cost on legal advice before engaging in any contract with the cloud provider; this is to seek clarity on areas that the cloud provider is liable and responsible for ramification in case issue arise later. The dynamic nature of cloud computing services makes businesses doubt the availability of the stored information, especially in the case of disaster (Kim et al., 2009). This means that cloud computing providers need to improve on their storage and application services to assure business owners of continuity and recovery of lost documents. Interventions Concerns and risks presented by cloud computing services can be controlled by the business, and the cloud computing service providers for this technology to be the benefits that come with new technology to be fully enjoyed. The risks can be controlled through the following ways: 1) Changing Issues with Cloud Computing and Governance Businesses that use cloud computing to provide its IT services should ensure that the cloud model they choose aligns with the business activities, the systems they are using are secure, and risk is minimized. This might be difficult when dealing with cloud service providers, therefore, the business should align their governance activities in order to cope with the cloud technology and the providers; these activities include defining roles and responsibilities, policy and standard development and goals of the organization (Khajeh-Hosseini et al., 2010). For instance, an organization should change its old ways of processing data and the way they develop and retrieve information, and adopt the new ways used by cloud computing providers. The organization should also realize that data security conditions are changed after adopting cloud computing services; therefore, information security policies should change to fit the security conditions presented by the cloud computing service provide rs. 2) Assurance for Cloud Computing The service provided by cloud computing service providers are prone to changes, and this makes it difficult for the service providers to convince the customers on the quality of their services (Kim et al., 2009). The service providers should improve their assurance by providing infrastructure and software services that constitute the cloud. The service providers should ensure transparency by providing effective and strong security controls, assuring their customers that their information would not be accessed, destructed or changed by unauthorized people by placing controls that would prevent, detect and react to any attempt to access the information (Khajeh-Hosseini et al., 2010). Privacy concerns are increasing among those using cloud computing services around the globe, and the service providers should prove that they are able to provide privacy of the information stored using cloud computing (Kim et al., 2009). Cloud providers should put in place privacy control measure to prevent and detect such cases in time, as well as reporting lines of communication; this should be affected before provision of services commences. The controls should be checked periodically for proper functioning. The cloud computing providers should comply with litany laws and regulations, which demand that data should be kept in one place and it should be easily received. This will ensure that the information demanded by customers is easily retrieved from the cloud store without any delay. The issue of trans-border information flow should also be clarified. The physical location of data stored in a cloud is not always known; this might be an issue because country laws on personally identifiable information are different, and what is legal in one country might not be the same in another one (Mell Grance, 2009). Providers should clarify this issue to their customers to clear their worries of breaking the country laws. Providers should also assure their customers by showing them that they are certified, therefore, they are doing the right thing; providers should endow the customers with an auditor report, which is essential in assurance programs. Conclusion Cloud computing is a technology that offers many benefits such as a reduction in cost of information management operations, infrastructure for computing services, among others; it also has different models that enable the user to choose according to the requirements, cost and benefits. However, it has been cited with risks associated to information security, and this has affected its use by business owners. There are different ways to reduce information risks, which include changing governance and aligning organizational policies on information security, roles and responsibilities, and goals to suite cloud computing services offered by the providers. Again, it should be understood, this technology is still new; therefore, it should not be quickly dismissed, and researchers should be given a chance to look for more efficient ways of reducing or eliminating the information security risk and other risks. Buy custom Cloud Computing for Business essay

Explaining the Writing Experience Through Metaphors

Explaining the Writing Experience Through Metaphors Writing is like . . . building a house, pulling teeth, pounding a wall, riding a wild horse, conducting an exorcism, throwing a lump of clay on a potters wheel, performing surgery on yourself without anesthesia. When asked to discuss the experience of writing, authors often respond with figurative comparisons. Thats not too surprising. After all, metaphors and similes are the intellectual tools of the serious writer, ways of examining and imagining experiences as well as describing them. Here are 20 figurative explanations that aptly convey the  writing experience  from famous authors. Bridge BuildingI wanted to try to build a bridge of words between me and that world outside, that world that was so distant and elusive that it seemed unreal.(Richard Wright, American Hunger, 1975)Road BuildingThe maker of a sentence . . . launches out into the infinite and builds a road into Chaos and old Night, and is followed by those who hear him with something of wild, creative delight.(Ralph Waldo Emerson, Journals, December 19, 1834)ExploringWriting is like exploring. . . . As an explorer makes maps of the country he has explored, so a writers works are maps of the country he has explored.(Lawrence Osgood, quoted in Axelrod Coopers Concise Guide to Writing, 2006)Giving Away Loaves and FishesWriting is like giving away the few loaves and fishes one has, trusting that they will multiply in the giving. Once we dare to give away on paper the few thoughts that come to us, we start discovering how much is hidden underneath these thoughts and gradually come in touch with our own ric hes.(Henri Nouwen, Seeds of Hope: A Henri Nouwen Reader, 1997) Opening a ClosetWriting is like opening the closet you havent cleared out in years. You are looking for the ice skates but find the Halloween costumes. Dont start trying on all the costumes right now. You need the ice skates. So find the ice skates. You can go back later and try on all the Halloween costumes.(Michele Weldon, Writing to Save Your Life, 2001)Pounding a WallSometimes writing is difficult. Sometimes writing is like pounding a brick wall with a ball-peen hammer in the hope that the barricade will evolve into a revolving door.(Chuck Klosterman, Eating the Dinosaur, 2009)WoodworkingWriting something is almost as hard as making a table. With both you are working with reality, a material just as hard as wood. Both are full of tricks and techniques. Basically, very little magic and a lot of hard work are involved.(Gabriel Garcà ­a Mrquez, The Paris Review Interviews, 1982)Building a HouseIt is helpful to me to pretend that writing is like building a house. I like to go out an d watch real building projects and study the faces of the carpenters and masons as they add board after board and brick after brick. It reminds me of how hard it is to do anything really worth doing.(Ellen Gilchrist, Falling Through Space, 1987) MiningWriting is to descend like a miner to the depths of the mine with a lamp on your forehead, a light whose dubious brightness falsifies everything, whose wick is in permanent danger of explosion, whose blinking illumination in the coal dust exhausts and corrodes your eyes.(Blaise Cendrars, Selected Poems, 1979)Laying PipeWhat civilians do not understandand to a writer, anyone not a writer is a civilianis that writing is manual labor of the mind: a job, like laying pipe.(John Gregory Dunne, Laying Pipe, 1986)Smoothing Ripples[W]riting is like trying to smooth ripples from water with ones handthe more I try, the more disturbed things get.(Kij Johnson, The Fox Woman, 2000)Renewing a WellWriting is like renewing a dried well: at the bottom, mud, muck, dead birds. You clean it out well and leave room for water to spring up again and ascend almost up to the brim so clean that even the children look at their reflections in it.(Luz Pichel, Pieces of Letters From My Bedroom. Writing Bonds : Irish and Galician Contemporary Women Poets, 2009) SurfingDelay is natural to a writer. He is like a surferhe bides his time, waits for the perfect wave on which to ride in. Delay is instinctive with him. He waits for the surge (of emotion? of strength? of courage?) that will carry him along.(E.B. White, The Paris Review Interviews, 1969)Surfing and GraceWriting a book is a bit like surfing. . . . Most of the time youre waiting. And its quite pleasant, sitting in the water waiting. But you are expecting that the result of a storm over the horizon, in another time zone, usually, days old, will radiate out in the form of waves. And eventually, when they show up, you turn around and ride that energy to the shore. Its a lovely thing, feeling that momentum. If youre lucky, its also about grace. As a writer, you roll up to the desk every day, and then you sit there, waiting, in the hope that something will come over the horizon. And then you turn around and ride it, in the form of a story.(Tim Winton, interviewed by Aida Edemariam. The Gua rdian, June 28, 2008) Swimming Under WaterAll good writing is swimming under water and holding your breath.(F. Scott Fitzgerald, in a letter to his daughter, Scottie)HuntingWriting is like hunting. There are brutally cold afternoons with nothing in sight, only the wind and your breaking heart. Then the moment when you bag something big. The entire process is beyond intoxicating.(Kate Braverman, quoted by Sol Stein in Stein on Writing, 1995)Pulling the Trigger of a GunWriting is like pulling the trigger of a gun; if you are not loaded, nothing happens.(attributed to Henry Seidel Canby)RidingWriting is like trying to ride a horse which is constantly changing beneath you, Proteus changing while you hang on to him. You have to hang on for dear life, but not hang on so hard that he cant change and finally tell you the truth.(Peter Elbow, Writing Without Teachers, 2nd ed., 1998)DrivingWriting is like driving at night in the fog. You can only see as far as your headlights, but you can make the whole trip that wa y.(attributed to E.L. Doctorow) WalkingThen wed revise, make the words walk slowly on the slippery trail.(Judith Small, Body of Work. The New Yorker, July 8, 1991)